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The effect of different levels of the enzyme combo on the relative expression of GH and Ghrelin genes in the liver and stomach of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
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Shiva Ghorbani1   , Sakyneh Yeganeh1 * , Hosein Oraji1 , Ayoub Farhadi2 |
1-Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Animal Science, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran, skyeganeh@gmail.com , skyeganeh@gmail.com
2- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Animal Science, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran |
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Abstract: (66 Views) |
Introduction: Replacing vegetable proteins with fish meal has problems such as the quality and amount of protein in vegetable sources and is inferior to fish meal, but vegetable proteins are preferred over fish meal due to their low price and easy preparation, and their reasonable price allows grain processing. To increase the nutritional value of fish. Commercial enzymes are specifically a combination of several different enzymes that are effective on different types of food components. The objective of this research was to investigate different percentages of combo enzyme in diets containing varying amounts of soybean and its effects on the expression of ghrelin and growth genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
Materials and methods: Fish with an approximate initial weight of 12.87 ± 0.51 grams were prepared and adapted to the test conditions for 2 weeks. This experiment, which included 8 treatments and 3 repetitions, and for each repetition, 16 pieces of fish were distributed in each tank. From 8 experimental diets including treatment one: replacement of 22.5 (percent) + zero (g) (S22.5) enzyme; Treatment two: replacement of 22.5 + 1 gram of enzyme (S22.5E1); Treatment 3: replacing 22.5 + 1.5 grams of enzyme (S22.5E1.5); Treatment four: replacement of 5.22 + 2 grams of enzyme (S22.5E2); Treatment five: replacement of 45 + zero enzyme (S45); Sixth treatment: replacement of 45 + 1 gram of enzyme (S45E1); Seventh treatment: replacement of 45 + 1.5 grams of enzyme (S45E1.5) and eight treatment: replacement of 45 + 2 grams of enzyme (S45E2) were used. Gene expression analyses for ghrelin and growth were conducted in the stomach and liver of rainbow trout.
Results and Discussion: The independent effects of the multi-enzyme and soybean flour on the expression factors of growth hormone and ghrelin gene expression were significant (p<0.05), while the interaction effect of these two factors was not significant (p>0.05). The expression levels of growth hormone and ghrelin genes in the liver and stomach of rainbow trout larvae were significantly lower in the 45S treatment compared to the 22.5S treatment (p<0.05). The expression of the ghrelin gene in the liver increased with the addition of enzyme up to 2 grams per kilogram at the 22.5% soybean substitution level (p<0.05). Similarly, the expression of growth hormone in the liver increased with the addition of enzyme up to 2 grams per kilogram of the diet at the 22.5% substitution level (p<0.05). Ghrelin gene expression in the stomach also increased with the addition of enzyme up to 2 grams per kilogram at the 22.5% soybean substitution level (p<0.05), with growth hormone expression showing the same trend (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that high levels of growth and ghrelin gene expression in the liver and stomach were achieved with the diet containing the combo enzyme complex at high fish meal levels combined with 2 grams of the combo enzyme supplement (S22.5E2 treatment). Thus, the use of 2 grams of combo multi-enzyme is recommended to enhance the replacement rate of soybean in rainbow trout diets, leading to improved activity in the examined gene expressions. |
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| Keywords: Multi enzyme combo, Growth hormone, Ghrelin hormone, Gene expression, Oncorhynchus mykiss |
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
General
Received: 2024/12/24 | Accepted: 2025/01/5 | Published: 2025/12/31
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