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An overview of the significance of native medicinal plants from Iran in enhancing the growth and immunity of rainbow trout
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Maryam Ghiasi *   |
| Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center (CSERC), Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sari, Iran , ghiasimaryam4@gmail.com |
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Abstract: (442 Views) |
Introduction: In 2020, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) reported that Iran produced over 200,000 tons of rainbow trout, accounting for more than 25% of global production. Challenges like low water quality, high fish density and inadequate feed weaken their immune systems, leading to reduced growth and greater susceptibility to infectious diseases. The primary method for controlling infections has been the use of antibiotics. However, this reliance has caused problems such as drug residues in fish, health risks for consumers, the rise of antibiotic-resistant strains, increased production costs, and negative environmental effects. In recent years, the use of medicinal plants and their active compounds in aquaculture to prevent and treat infectious diseases has gained significant attention. This approach is favored as it does not contribute to the development of antibiotic-resistant strains, avoids contamination of fish flesh, and helps maintain a healthy microbial balance in the aquatic environment.
Materials and methods: A thorough review of English-language articles published between 2013 and 2023 was undertaken to identify studies assessing the impact of bioactive component of herbs and native Iranian herbs on the growth and immune indices of rainbow trout.
Results and Discussion: Interest in using plants as growth and immunity-boosting feed supplements has risen significantly in the Iranian rainbow trout farming industry over the past decade. This trend is driven by issues like antibiotic resistance, meat residues, and health concerns. Utilizing these plants, sourced locally, can enhance farmers' incomes, reduce dependence on external products, and preserve traditional knowledge. Studies show that plant-enriched diets improve growth performance, immunity, antioxidant activity, and resistance to pathogens in rainbow trout within 28 days, suggesting that Iranian medicinal plants can be effective without prolonged use. While extracts, powders, and essences all prove effective, extracts should be prioritized due to their ease of use and low dosage requirements. To enhance the reliability of research, more detailed information about the plant materials must be provided. Additionally, there's a need for more applied research to adapt laboratory findings to the varied conditions and challenges faced in rainbow trout farms.
Conclusion: Although our information on the mechanism of the effect of medicinal plants on growth, blood, serum and immune indices of rainbow trout is limited and requires further research, given the diversity of medicinal plants in the country, it can be predicted that in the future, dietary supplements based on medicinal plants will play a very important role in the sustainable development of the rainbow trout aquaculture industry in the country. |
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| Keywords: Rainbow trout, Antibiotics, Herbs, immunostimulants, Growth promoter, Iran |
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Full-Text [PDF 1758 kb]
(78 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Applicable |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2024/09/7 | Accepted: 2024/11/8 | Published: 2025/03/30
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