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Effects of dietary vitamin C on the biochemical and immune parameters of goldfish (Carassius auratus) breeders in response to handling stress
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Somayeh Taheri1   , MirMasoud Sajjadi1 , Bahram Falahatkar1 * , Roghieh Safari2 |
1-Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Iran , Falahatkar@guilan.ac.ir
2- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran |
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Abstract: (73 Views) |
Introduction: In aquaculture, controlled reproduction is very important, and the quality of gametes in breeders is one of the limiting factors of aquaculture. It is necessary to use high quality gametes in breeding process to improve reproductive performance and produce suitable larvae. Manipulation of aquatic organisms, especially broodstock during reproduction, often increases the biological activities of the organism and causes changes in the behavior and physiological characteristics of fish. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary vitamin C on biochemical, liver plasma enzymes activity, and immune parameters in response to handling stress in goldfish (Carassius auratus).
Materials and Methods: A total of 120 female broodstock with an average weight of 90.00 ± 1.29 g were distributed in four treatments (with three replicate) and the feeding period lasted for eight weeks. The treatments included: non-stressed fish fed a diet without vitamin C (0 mg/kg) (S-C-), non-stressed fish fed a diet containing vitamin C (1000 mg/kg) (S-C+), fish under stress fed a diet without vitamin C (0 mg/kg) (S+C-) and stressed fish fed a diet containing vitamin C (1000 mg/kg) (S+C+). In the stress treatments, the broodstock were chased and caught by a hand net daily for one min and exposed to air for another one min. At the end of the experiments, the biochemical and immune indices were measured.
Results and Discussion: A significant difference was observed in the interaction between vitamin C and stress in biochemical and immune parameters in different treatments (p<0.05). Stress caused a significant increase in some biochemical indices such as cholesterol, triglycerides, cortisol, glucose, and liver plasma enzyme levels in the S+C- treatment (p<0.05). Disturbances in the biosynthesis and metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins in fish liver can lead to damage to the cell membrane, as well as the induction or inhibition of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism. These changes can also affect hormone levels that impact lipid metabolism, leading to alterations in the circulating levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in fish exposed to stress. Additionally, the significant increase in triglyceride and cholesterol levels in fish plasma may be a physiological response to provide enough energy to minimize the harmful effects of stress. The reduction of cholesterol and triglyceride levels in fish supplemented with vitamin C is likely due to the high ability of this vitamin as an anti-stress factor and the lack of need for fat metabolism to combat stress. The induction of stress significantly increased the level of liver plasma enzymes in the bloodstream of goldfish broodstock. Vitamin C caused a significant decrease in biochemical parameters in the S-C+ treatment (p<0.05). Stress caused a significant decrease in immune parameters in the S+C- treatment (p<0.05) and improved immune parameters under stress conditions in the S+C+ treatment (p<0.05).
Conclusion:In stress conditions, vitamin C is able to maintain the level of immune responses at a normal level by inhibiting the secretion of corticosteroids, strengthening the antioxidant power of the host, increasing the efficiency of the liver and lymph tissues involved in the production of molecules related to the immune system. In general, the results of the present study showed that dietary vitamin C can act as a strong stimulant to improve the immune system and reduce the effect of stress factors in goldfish breeders. |
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| Keywords: Growth, Feed Conversion Ratio, Trypsin, Protein, Digestion, Gastrointestinal System |
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2024/03/26 | Accepted: 2025/01/28 | Published: 2025/12/31
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