This practical and descriptive study was carried out in four sturgeon farms. The aim of this study was to determine the total production cost and to investigate the risk of investment during the sustainable development of aquaculture. Two farms which have produced reared caviar and two farms which will be expected to produce reared caviar were investigated in this study. Brackish water of the Caspian Sea was used for all four farms. Total cost, revenue, benefit-cost ratio and other factors were collected through the completion of questionnaires during 2010 to 2014. The food and personnel costs in four farms were determined to be at 46.6% and 21.1% of total cost, respectively. With regard to the sale price of farmed meat in the domestic markets, the production cost of one kilogram meat is fluctuated from 196000 to 325000 Rials. Based on results obtained from this study, the benefit-cost ratio varied from 2.1 to 4.2. The invest return rates varied from 53% to 95% in the farms with previous record of producing farmed caviar. The sustainable development of sturgeon rearing depends on product quality and export of the farmed meat and caviar.