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Effect of sodium diformate and potassium diformate in the diet on some serum macro minerals, stomach pH, and bacterial population in the feces of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii, Brandt, 1869)
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Aref Ashourpour1   , Mehdi Shamsaie Mehrgan1 * , Houman Rajabi Islami1 , Alireza Shenavar Masouleh2 , Mahmoud Mohseni2 |
1-Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran , drshamsaie@gmail.com
2- International Sturgeon Research Institute, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran |
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Abstract: (89 Views) |
Introduction: Organic acid salts, particularly potassium diformate (KDF) and sodium diformate (NDF), have emerged as promising dietary additives in aquaculture due to their acidifying, antimicrobial, and mineral-chelating properties. These compounds are known to lower gastric pH, inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, promote beneficial gut microbiota, and enhance nutrient absorption. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of dietary KDF and NDF on some serum macrominerals, gastric pH, and fecal bacterial population in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii).
Materials and methods: A total of 315 Siberian sturgeon with an average initial weight of 17.85 ± 0.2 grams were distributed randomly in 21 fiberglass tanks and fed with seven experimental diets with tree replications for eight weeks. Nutritional diets included the control group (without organic acid salt) and groups with 1.5, 3, and 5 grams of sodium diformate or potassium diformate per kilogram of diet. At the end of the trial, blood was collected to measure serum concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus. Stomach pH was measured two hours after feed withdrawal, and fecal samples were analyzed to determine the total viable count and lactic acid bacteria population using selective culture media.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that fish fed 5 g/kg of either sodium diformate or potassium diformate exhibited a significant increase in serum concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus compared to the control group (p<0.05). Moreover, the number of lactic acid bacteria in feces was significantly higher in all treatment groups receiving sodium diformate or potassium diformate than in the control (p<0.05). In contrast, stomach pH measured two hours after feed withdrawal and the total viable bacterial counts in feces exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in the treated groups compared to the control (p<0.05). These findings suggest that dietary supplementation with KDF or NDF, particularly at higher doses, enhances mineral absorption through reduced stomach pH and modulates intestinal microbial communities by increasing beneficial lactic acid bacteria and reducing pathogenic bacteria.
Conclusion: These findings indicate that dietary supplementation with sodium diformate or potassium diformate, particularly at 5 g/kg, can reduce stomach pH and enhance the absorption of macrominerals into the bloodstream. Furthermore, the increased fecal lactic acid bacteria and decreased excretion of harmful bacteria into the environment suggest that these organic acid salts may improve intestinal function and promote the development of environmentally sustainable diets for Siberian sturgeon. |
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| Keywords: Sodium diformate, Potassium diformate, Serum macrominerals, Fecal bacterial population, Siberian sturgeon |
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Type of Study: Applicable |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2023/08/16 | Accepted: 2023/11/7 | Published: 2025/12/31
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Ashourpour1 A, Mehrgan1 M S, Rajabi Islami1 H, Shenavar Masouleh A, Mohseni2 M. Effect of sodium diformate and potassium diformate in the diet on some serum macro minerals, stomach pH, and bacterial population in the feces of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii, Brandt, 1869). JAD 2026; 19 (4) :60-75 URL: http://aqudev.liau.ac.ir/article-1-825-en.html
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