Betanodavirus is known as a serious threat to fish health and causes economic damages to the mariculture industry and aquaculture. Given the importance and worldwide prevalence of viral nervous necrosis disease, this review provides new information on the characteristics of Betanodavirus, its modes of transmission, diagnosis, and ways to its control and prevention. Recent studies have suggested the possibility of the presence of Betanodavirus in the Iranian southern waters and the transmission of its infection in wild and farmed fish in different parts of the Persian Gulf and due to the location of the Persian Gulf and its relation to the free seas and transmission of the virus through water and carriers, it is possible to spread the infection in sensitive fish. On the other hand, the small size of the virus, the high rate of mutation enables contamination of new hosts and its high resistance and survival in aquatic ecosystems poses a serious threat to the contamination and loss of marine and cultured fish in the region. Therefore, to prevent the destruction of sensitive fish stocks in the region, comprehensive study of the disease, screening of different species of fish susceptible to viruses and accurate and rapid identification of Betanodavirus, the use of effective vaccines in the field of fish farming in the cage culture, it seems an urgent and inevitable necessity in the country.