This study was conducted in order to survey the socio - economic effects of rice and fish cultivation development in the Guilan province. Statistical population in this study were all farmers in Lahijan and Astaneh Ashrafieh who farmed rice and fish mixed culture. It was a running survey which 102 samples were selected. 63 field from Astane Ashrafeye and 39 field from Lahijan formed sample volume. The data were collected through questionnaires. Results showed that the most important effects in the rice-fish cultivation development in the Guilan province were included; increase in the level of food protein because of dietary protein came from fish consumption, increased education and awareness of rural, happiness for development in the lives of rural, rural commuting into cities and other villages, people's participation in rural development programs, reduce fertilizer and pesticide monoculture than in cultivation, increase rice yield, conserves water resources, labor force required to reduce weed farms and  quality of rural food.